The monograph was prepared by international team of authors in the context of cooperation between the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of RAS (Russia, Vologda) and Jiangxi Academy of Social Sciences (China, Nanchang). The book presents the development peculiarities of Russia’s and China’s regions, their common features, and national characteristics of regional development management. In particular, the work covers the main achievements, experience and problems of current economic development of Chinese and Russian territories, presents the development prospects of the regions of the two countries, and considers the issues of the government planning and regulation of regional economic development promotion of Russia and China. The book separately considers the economic growth problems of Russian and Chinese regions in the open economy, as well as regional development prospects of the countries on the basis of the regional cooperation. The edition is addressed to scientists, experts, specialists of national and regional authorities, and everyone interested in the regional development issues and their comparative assessment.